• One respondent could report up to three illness episodes

  2018-10-24

  

  One respondent could report up to three illness episodes in our survey, including one acute “severe” illness, one acute “mild” illness, and one “long-term, recurrent, or chronic” condition. The severity of the acute illness episodes (“mild” or “severe”) was based on the respondents’ self-assessment;

• Although technological improvements in terms of specimen acq

  2018-10-23

  

  Although technological improvements in terms of specimen acquisition and processing have been made, much work remains to be done to ensure the quality of biospecimens and harmonization of tissue collection, processing and storage procedures, attributable largely to the long-standing success of forma

• Here we found that podocytes

  2018-10-23

  

  Here we found that podocytes, both in vitro and in kidney-biopsy tissue sections, express CAII. Furthermore, IgG4 purified from the patient\'s serum elicits early intracellular acidification with profound effects on podocyte homeostasis as a likely consequence of the interaction of IgG4 autoantibodi

• An ideal assay would measure the

  2018-10-23

  

  An ideal assay would measure the frequency of latently infected CD4+ T THZ2 without relying on the amplification of viral replication, which is difficult to control and requires at least a week of cell culture. Measuring the production of viral particles in culture supernatants of stimulated cells

• In the s to s

  2018-10-23

  

  In the 1970s to 1990s, serogroup W was a rare cause of meningococcal disease. In 2000, the first recorded serogroup W meningococcal disease outbreak occurred during the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Taha et al., 2000; Aguilera et al., 2002). The Hajj outbreak strain, referred to as

• To elucidate the mechanisms by which VEGFC CREB

  2018-10-23

  

  To elucidate the mechanisms by which VEGFC–CREB axis plays a role in vessel formation, we investigated the effect of VEGFC and hypoxia on NOTCH signaling. Our in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that both VEGFC and hypoxia stimulate DLL4–NOTCH1 signaling and these events require the activation of

• br Treatment decisions are generally based on MPN

  2018-10-23

  

  Treatment decisions are generally based on MPN subtype, risk category, age, and disease manifestations. For PV and ET, thrombosis risk category often guides the decision to use cytoreductive and anti-platelet therapies (and phlebotomy for PV). Historically, treatment of MF has been guided by the p

• Finally we advance some molecular

  2018-10-23

  

  Finally, we advance some molecular techniques such as host-pathogen RNA-seq, especially given the high GC content of Mtb, and the relative amounts of mammalian RNA to bacterial RNA: proverbial needles in a haystack. Host-pathogen RNA-seq has hitherto been discussed mainly as a theoretical possibilit

• br Approximately years ago new flavivirus was

  2018-10-23

  

  Approximately 70years ago, new flavivirus was discovered in the Zika forest of Uganda (). The eponymous virus is an arthropod-borne human pathogen that caused infrequent infections with relatively mild illness in Africa and received relatively little attention until recently. Over the last several

• IDO small molecule inhibitors are

  2018-10-23

  

  IDO1 small molecule inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for a variety of cancers based on the supposition that they will help to enable an effective immune response directed against the tumor. This study indicates, however, that a more complex conceptualization of how the tum

• br In this issue of Fu and colleagues investigated the

  2018-10-23

  

  In this issue of , Fu and colleagues investigated the association between three BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 () gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and nephroblastoma susceptibility (). Based on the study conducted in a southern Chinese population consisting of 145 cases and 531

• The Lothian Birth cohorts of

  2018-10-23

  

  The Lothian Birth cohorts of 1921 and 1936 are studies that were initiated in 1999 and 2004 respectively, originally aimed at uncovering the genetic determinants of cognitive aging. These are follow up studies to the Scottish mental survey that tested the intelligence of almost all children aged 11

• Neuraminidase inhibitors NAI are the most frequently used

  2018-10-23

  

  Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) are the most frequently used antiviral drug for management of influenza infection. Early NAI treatment was associated with shorter illness duration, and is most beneficial when treatment started within 2days of illness onset (Lee et al., 2015). However, except for indu

• Neuraminidase inhibitors NAI are the most frequently used

  2018-10-23

  

  Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) are the most frequently used antiviral drug for management of influenza infection. Early NAI treatment was associated with shorter illness duration, and is most beneficial when treatment started within 2days of illness onset (Lee et al., 2015). However, except for indu

• flavopiridol For HCC the second leading cause of cancer deat

  2018-10-23

  

  For HCC, the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, there is a lack of effective drugs. The only approved drug, sorafenib, has modest survival benefits (Llovet et al., 2008; Abou-Alfa et al., 2006; Cheng et al., 2009). Immunotherapy has been considered as an effective approach for cancer tr

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