• The small intestine is the

  2020-11-23

  

  The small intestine is the only organ responsible for the glycogen phosphorylase of dietary and biliary cholesterol, leaving the unabsorbed cholesterol to be excreted in feces and together contributing to the body cholesterol homeostasis [13], [21], [33], [34]. Following intraluminal hydrolysis, fr

• br Results br Discussion Fetal development occurs under cond

  2020-11-20

  

  Results Discussion Fetal development occurs under conditions of low oxygen tension and steady maternal glucose such that physiologic systems including the pancreas are functionally poised in the prenatal state. Postnatally, oxidative metabolism becomes dominant and intermittent feeding exposes

• br Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignant t

  2020-11-20

  

  Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and the second leading cause of female death [1]. In recent years, with the improvement of early detection and the emergence of new treatment methods, the mortality rate of breast cancer has been greatly reduced. However, the

• The Acat gene was identified by functional

  2020-11-20

  

  The Acat1 gene was identified by functional complementation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant lacking ACAT activity [12]. Unlike most other genes, human Acat1 is located in two different chromosomes, Y-27632 australia 1 and 7, with each site containing a distinct promoter: chromosome 1 contains

• The generation of ROS in addition to eliciting oxidative str

  2020-11-20

  

  The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays

• Although the amino acid sequences of CUL

  2020-11-20

  

  Although the amino GW788388 sequences of CUL4A and CUL4B share 82% identity, the existing studies have shown that these two proteins do not have significant functional redundancy. Elevated expression of CUL4A has been observed in a variety of cancer cells, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, liv

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by Grants

  2020-11-20

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Grants from the National Research Foundation (2010-0000782) and the National Center for GM Crops (PJ008152) of the Next Generation BioGreen 21 Program funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, to W.T.K. Introduction Ubiquityl

• Advances in the total chemical synthesis of ubiquitin have e

  2020-11-20

  

  Advances in the total chemical synthesis of ubiquitin have enabled the efficient synthesis of new and improved ubiquitin-based reagents. Using an optimized linear synthesis, ubiquitin can now be easily obtained in high yield and purity [35]. Using this synthetic methodology, ubiquitin can be functio

• Given the widespread occurrence of oncogene induced RS and

  2020-11-20

  

  Given the widespread occurrence of oncogene-induced RS and the increasing clinical interest in small molecule inhibitors that further exacerbate RS in human cancers (such as ATR inhibitors), our findings point to a protective role for RAD52 in the maintenance of cancer cell viability. As such, RAD52

• br UVC induced DNA damage a model to

  2020-11-20

  

  UVC-induced DNA damage: a model to study DNA damage tolerance The UV components of sunlight that reaches the Earth surface are one of the most carcinogenic agents humans are exposed to, and the leading cause of skin cancer [4,12]. UV light causes different types of DNA damage through indirect and

• br Results br Discussion The importance of mitochondria for

  2020-11-20

  

  Results Discussion The importance of mitochondria for the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is now emerging. It is evident that, despite the well-known Warburg effect, tumors have active mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism (Marin-Valencia et al., 2012, Hensley et al., 2016). Disrup

• KSTDs are generally reported to be intracellular enzymes

  2020-11-19

  

  — Δ1-KSTDs are generally reported to be intracellular enzymes, either soluble or bound to subcellular particles. For instance, the enzymes from C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 and ATCC 17410 [50,90,99], R. equi [29], and N. simplex ATCC 6946 [52] were particulate-bound. On the other hand, the Δ1-KSTDs fr

• Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for

  2020-11-19

  

  Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for the transmembrane receptors DDR1 and DDR2. Five splice variants have been characterized for DDR1 (“a” through “e”). The d and e isoforms lack the intracellular kinase domain of DDR1. The splicing of DDR1 to various extents has been reported i

• Some limitations to our study should be noted First

  2020-11-19

  

  Some limitations to our study should be noted. First, the sample size of our study was limited. As DDR2 mutations are rare in lung SCC, it is possible that the power of our study was insufficient to detect potential associated factors. Second, a significant proportion of the 271 sequenced patients h

• For radiochemotherapy it is well known that mitotic cell dea

  2020-11-19

  

  For radiochemotherapy, it is well known that mitotic cell death and apoptosis present the major cell death modes. More recently, autophagy-dependent cell death has been described to occur upon radiochemotherapy (Daido et al., 2005, Song et al., 2017). This form of regulated cell death depends on com

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