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Upon Edn ligand binding endothelin receptors can
2021-02-24
Upon Edn ligand binding, endothelin receptors can induce a variety of intracellular signaling cascades leading to diverse cellular responses such as contraction in the case of smooth muscle cells, or cell growth and mitogenesis. Ednrs are expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues, for example
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At first cartilage damage in
2021-02-24
At first, cartilage damage in osteoarthritis reflects the loss of proteoglycan and collagen network that increases the swelling of tissues. The incremented expression of DDR2 receptor has also co-related with the depletion of cartilage in surgically induced OA model [8]. Osteoarthritis, a degenerati
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Gene expression profiling with corresponding clinical data s
2021-02-24
Gene 2×Taq PCR Master Mix(with dye) profiling with corresponding clinical data supported the notion that increased expression of S1PR1 in DLBCL was associated with poor outcome [159], [160], [161]. These studies also identified increased expression of the GPCRs GPR183, CCR7, ADRB2 and CNR2 as risk f
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Intriguingly one E residue may serve as
2021-02-24
Intriguingly, one E2 residue may serve as a molecular ‘gate’ to allow the C-terminus of ubiquitin to access the closed E2~Ub conformations favorable for ubiquitin transfer. This residue, Asp87 in UbcH5 family members, resides on one side of the opening that leads to the active site Cys (Fig. 4D). In
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br Results br Discussion Previous studies
2021-02-24
Results Discussion Previous studies have mapped ABCF1 as a risk factor gene for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune pancreatitis (Ota et al., 2007, Richard et al., 1998). Additionally, recent genome-wide association studies have also associated ABCF1 with the risk of gout (Dong et al., 2017) a
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E protein was studied using specific
2021-02-24
E1 protein was studied using specific anti-E1 DiscoveryProbe™ Inhibitor Library in wild type cells and in transfected cells overexpressing the enzyme. The results revealed several unusual characteristics, which are unique to this ubiquitin-activating enzyme. The E1 was translated as a full-length p
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Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors DPP is or gliptins stimulate
2021-02-24
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is or gliptins) stimulate both post-meal insulin secretion and inhibit Oxytocin australia secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, rendering the risk of hypoglycaemia minimal [10]. They are weight-neutral or may even induce slight weight loss. Their good effi
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N acetylation by N acetyltransferase NAT is an important met
2021-02-24
N-acetylation by N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is an important metabolic pathway for some substances, and there are 2 functional NAT isoforms in humans—NAT1 and NAT2. Studies of etamicastat in healthy subjects showed an extensive N-acetylation of etamicastat to the inactive metabolite BIA 5-961, and a l
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion To
2021-02-24
Materials and methods Results Discussion To date, several reports have suggested an involvement of DGK in bipolar disorder. A splice variant at the COOH-terminus of DGKβ has been related to bipolar disorder [15] and DGKβ KO mice showed hyperactive behavior [17]. For the other DGK isoforms,
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Collagen X is a homotrimeric molecule of three X chains
2021-02-23
Collagen X is a homotrimeric molecule of three α1(X) chains (Mr 59 kDa) comprising a 45 kDa triple-helical domain flanked by an N-terminal (NC2) and a larger C-terminal (NC1) non-collagenous domains (Shen, 2005). In the hypertrophic ECM, collagen X most likely forms an extended hexagonal network, as
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In addition to through direct regulation of cell differentia
2021-02-23
In addition to through direct regulation of cell differentiation, DDR2 may raise the abundance of myofibroblast subsets through advancing the recruitment of its precursor cells. One such evidence is that DDR2 can regulate lung fibroblast proliferation and migration. Another possibility rests on the
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In recent years there has been a dramatic
2021-02-23
In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in identification and optimization of potent CRTh2 antagonists which may not only inhibit the recruitment and activation of Th2 cells but also accelerate apoptosis and clearance of these cells from inflamed tissue, thereby promoting the resolution o
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pdgfr inhibitor LP a levels are lowered
2021-02-23
LP(a) levels are lowered by combined oral hormone therapy [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], whereas for most studies using transdermal HRT little or no changes have been observed [85], [86], [87]. Oral versus transdermal administration In general most markers are influenced in a similar way by oral
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Cantharidin is a natural element extracted from
2021-02-23
Cantharidin is a natural element extracted from blister beetles, and has been proven to be effective in cancer [16]. NCTD, the demethylated analog of cantharidin, has been synthesized and been shown to have an equal anti-cancer effect with fewer side effects than cantharidin [39]. It was confirmed t
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Introduction Fish commonly employ pheromones to regulate a v
2021-02-23
Introduction Fish commonly employ pheromones to regulate a variety of functions including reproductive communication [1]. Reproductive pheromones induce both primer effects, such as changes in the endocrine or physiological state of conspecifics, and releaser effects such as rapid behavioral respon
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