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br Introduction Adenosine deaminase ADA also known
2023-09-21
Introduction Adenosine deaminase (ADA), also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, is a key enzyme involved in the purine metabolism that converts adenosine to inosine irreversibly (Lupidi et al., 1997). It is a zinc containing metalloenzyme present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans ADA
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Resistant hypertension R
2023-09-21
Acknowledgements Introduction Resistant hypertension (RH), is defined as blood pressure (BP) > 140/90 mm Hg despite three full doses antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. Controlled hypertensive patients taking four Tranilast Sodium or more of antihypertensives are also considered resi
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ATP citrate lyase ACLY is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes
2023-09-21
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl-CoA from citrate [15]. Acetyl-CoA is the building block for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, and also serves as a substrate of the acetylation reaction of various molecules, including histones and
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Hydrogen sulfide H S a colorless and water soluble gas
2023-09-21
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) [33], a colorless and water-soluble gas with the smell of rotten eggs, is now recognized as an important gasotransmitter, after the extensive study of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). H2S is produced endogenously via enzymatic reactions of cysteine, homocysteine and
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br APJ expression in metabolic diseases Under physiological
2023-09-21
APJ expression in metabolic diseases Under physiological conditions, APJ is present in humans as well as in mouse tissues with high metabolic activity such as muscle and adipose tissue but not in the liver. Moreover, the presence and regulation of APJ in established adipocyte or muscle cell lines
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In addition to peroxyl radicals the most found radical
2023-09-21
In addition to peroxyl radicals, the most found radical forms in biological systems, some of assays took into account other free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite. ORAC procedure was also modified using different radical sources such as
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We further conducted stratified analyses
2023-09-21
We further conducted stratified analyses to observe changes in enzyme levels across the periods by subgroups. Fig. 1 shows the changes in GPx levels by subgroups of age, sex, and smoking status. In all participants, GPx levels decreased when air pollution levels declined but increased after the Olym
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br Disclosure br Acknowledgments br Introduction Deeper unde
2023-09-20
Disclosure Acknowledgments Introduction Deeper understanding of the pathobiology of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the development of small peptide yy that target genetic mutations known to play critical roles in the progression to metastatic disease. Mutations in epidermal g
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There are two ways to transport
2023-09-20
There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty Celecoxib synthesis transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is res
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AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase
2023-09-20
AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclea
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It is important to note that
2023-09-20
It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne
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The ARHL locus ahl that contributes to the hearing loss
2023-09-20
The ARHL locus (ahl) that contributes to the hearing loss in the C57BL/6J mouse has been mapped to chromosome 10 (Erway et al., 1993, Johnson et al., 1997). It has been shown that strains susceptible to early onset ARHL carry a specific mutation in the cadherin 23 gene (Cdh23), which encodes a compo
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A key step in the ADAR
2023-09-20
A key step in the ADAR reaction is the formation of the adenosine covalent hydrate with a tetrahedral center at C6. The nucleoside analog 8-azanebularine (box in Fig. 6), with its relatively high propensity to form a covalent hydrate, is useful as an adenosine replacement in ADAR2 substrates to trap
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The major strength of this
2023-09-20
The major strength of this study is the large sample size which increases the statistical power to detect the likely subtle differences in peripheral methylation observed in psychiatric disorders (Olsson et al., 2010). Larger studies help provide more robust estimates of true associations, as small
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To date more than different mutations in the gene
2023-09-20
To date, more than 50 different mutations in the gene have been described (Human Gene Mutation Database at the Institute of Medical Genetics in Cardiff: SRD5A2 Gene: http://www.hgmd.cf.ac.uk). Most of them are missense mutations but premature stop codons and deletions leading to non-functional or su
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